Rob Shorthouse, the ESF’s director of strategy and communications, said on Sunday that the incident was “unwelcome” but there was “no evidence” it was a problem with students according to school principals in the group.

“The way you can measure these things is by looking at what was predicted and what actually happened,” he said.

“What we can see is that the students who were predicted to get certain grades, that’s where they’ve ended up.

“I don’t think there’s been any evidence of any impact of it. We’ve got confidence that IB handled it.”

Marc Dingcong, one of the top IB scorers from Sha Tin College, said the incident had caused him some stress.

“If you think your exams aren’t necessarily fair, that’s going to affect you as a student taking the exams,” he said. “But, of course, you can’t let it affect you too much because at the end of the day, it’s out of your control.”

Dingcong, who will study aerospace engineering at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, said boxing and seeing friends were vital to his academic success.

“I started to learn boxing, it was a good way for me to completely dissociate from my studies,” he said.

“Because what I realised was even though you could be doing things other than studying, if you’re still thinking about it and stressing about it, it’s going to be exactly the same as if you kept studying.”

Dingcong also said it was important for him to maintain and build his social connections during a period of learning.

His mother, Janice Kwan, who works in project management, gave her son tips for using his time most effectively by having a master plan and buffers as productivity would not be consistently high.

Another top IB scorer, Tracy Kangqi Fu, who is looking to study law in a dual degree programme with University College London and the University of Hong Kong, said she exercised to take a break from revision.

“If I was ever tired, I usually would go for a one-hour run in the afternoon by the seaside. Luckily, it wasn’t that hot during the exam period,” she said.

The support of friends, family and teachers was “crucial in achieving any kind of academic success”, she added.

Tsang Chi-him, who will study medicine in Hong Kong, echoed Fu’s comments and said working out and social connections helped him to get top grades.

“For things I do in my free time to relax, I normally spend time with friends and this includes either going out or going to the gym because we live quite close together,” Tsang said.

Although more students attained perfect IB scores this time compared with last year’s 23, the figure remained significantly lower than the 93 recorded in 2022.

Top scorers this year also came from Diocesan Boys’ School, Singapore International School (Hong Kong) and Po Leung Kuk Choi Kai Yau School, among others.

In Hong Kong, 2,406 students took part in the IB programme this year.